Cold sores (fever blisters) are a common viral infection, mainly caused by herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and sometimes HSV-2 through oral-genital

contact. They spread easily via direct contact (kissing, sharing drinks) or indirect contact (towels, lip balm), and can self-spread to other body parts.

Symptoms progress from tingling/itching, to fluid-filled blisters, rupture (most contagious stage), then scabbing. Outbreaks

last 7–10 days, with the virus lying dormant between episodes. Triggers include stress, sunlight, hormonal changes, illness, and weakened immunity.

Treatment focuses on relief and faster healing: antiviral pills (acyclovir, valacyclovir), topical creams, pain relievers

, and moisturizing balms. Prevention includes avoiding contact during outbreaks, not sharing items, using lip sunscreen,

and maintaining strong immunity. Seek medical advice for frequent, severe, or spreading sores, or if immunity is low.

Recent research suggests Alzheimer’s disease may have infectious links, particularly to gum disease caused by P. gingivalis.

A 2019 study found toxic gingipains from this bacteria in Alzheimer’s patients’ brains, linked with proteins tau and ubiquitin,

even in undiagnosed cases. Mouse studies showed reduced brain inflammation using the compound COR388.

While human benefit is unproven, researchers stress exploring all potential treatments for dementia.